复数格式即实部＋虚部。
在C++中是个练习运算符重载很好的例子，下面的代码给出了复数类中的基本运算。
重载了运算符：
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//复数相关运算的运算符重载 #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Complex { private: double real; double image; public: Complex(){real=0;image=0;} Complex(double r,double i) { real=r; image=i; } void ShowComplex() { cout<<real; if(real>0) cout<<"+"; cout<<image<<"i"<<"\n"; } //重载 << friend ostream& operator <<(ostream &out,const Complex &c) { out<<c.real; if(c.real>0) out<<"+"; out<<c.image<<"i"<<"\n"; return out; } //重载 >> friend istream& operator >>(istream &in,Complex &c) { cout<<"input r:"<<endl; in>>c.real; cout<<"input i:"<<endl; in>>c.image; return in; } //重载 = Complex operator =(const Complex &c) { if(this == &c) return *this; //重要！防止自赋值导致低效 real=c.real; image=c.image; return *this; } //重载 -= Complex operator -=(const Complex &c2) { real-=c2.real; image-=c2.image; return *this; } //重载 +=(两个复数相加) Complex operator +=(const Complex &c2) { real+=c2.real; image+=c2.image; return *this; } //重载 +=(复数与实数相加) Complex operator +=(double c2) { real+=c2; return *this; } //重载 *= Complex operator *=(const Complex &c2) { real=real*c2.real-image*c2.image; image=image*c2.real+real*c2.image; return *this; } //重载/= Complex operator /=(const Complex &c2) { real=(real*c2.real+image*c2.image)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.image*c2.image); image=(image*c2.real-real*c2.image)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.image*c2.image); return *this; } //重载 +(复数相加) friend Complex operator +(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2) { Complex c(c1); c+=c2; return c; } //重载 +(复数与实数相加) friend Complex operator +(const Complex &c1,double c2) { Complex c(c2,0); c+=c1; return c; } //重载 - friend Complex operator -(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2) { Complex c(c1); c-=c2; return c; } //重载 * friend Complex operator *(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2) { Complex c(c1); c*=c2; return c; } //重载 / friend Complex operator /(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2) { Complex c(c1); c/=c2; return c; } }; int main() { Complex c; Complex c1(1.5,2.5); Complex c2(2.5,3.5); cout<<"c1:\t"; c1.ShowComplex(); cout<<"c2:\t"; c2.ShowComplex(); c=c1+c2; cout<<"c1+c2:\t"; c.ShowComplex(); cout<<"c1+5:\t"; c1+=5; c1.ShowComplex(); c=c1-c2; cout<<"c1-c2:\t"; c.ShowComplex(); c=c1*c2; cout<<"c1*c2:\t"; c.ShowComplex(); c=c1/c2; cout<<"c1/c2:\t"; c.ShowComplex(); cin>>c1; cout<<"c:"<<c1; return 0; } |
效果：
